The Minor Scale โ€” natural, harmonic & melodic

"The minor scale" is really three closely related scales that differ only in their 6th and 7th degrees. The natural minor (1 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7) is the default โ€” in A: A, B, C, D, E, F, G. The harmonic and melodic variants each raise a degree to solve a specific musical problem.

Natural minor โ€” the home base

Same notes as the relative major starting on its 6th degree (A minor = C major's notes), which is why every minor key shares a key signature with a major one. If a song is "in A minor", this is the default note pool. The minor pentatonic is this scale minus the 2 and b6.

EADGBe357912EFGABCDEABCDEFGADEFGABCDGABCDEFGBCDEFGABEFGABCDE
A natural minor โ€” every note on the neck, frets 0โ€“12 โ€” root notes in green.
Jamistry's interactive 3D fretboard โ€” the scale lit up across the whole neck

Practice A minor on the interactive fretboard โ†’

Harmonic minor โ€” the raised 7th

Natural minor's problem: its v chord is minor, so Vโ€“i resolutions sound soft. Raise the 7th (G โ†’ G# in A minor) and the V chord becomes major โ€” E7 pulling hard to Am. That raised 7th also creates the scale's signature exotic gap between b6 and 7, the flamenco-and-neoclassical sound:

EADGBe357912EFG#ABCDEABCDEFG#ADEFG#ABCDG#ABCDEFBCDEFG#ABEFG#ABCDE
A harmonic minor โ€” the G# creates the E7โ†’Am pull โ€” root notes in green.

Melodic minor โ€” the smoothed ascent

Harmonic minor's b6โ†’7 leap is awkward to sing, so melodic minor raises the 6th as well on the way up (classically, it reverts to natural minor coming down). For improvisers it's a scale in its own right โ€” jazz players run it over minor-major and altered-dominant sounds:

EADGBe357912EF#G#ABCDEABCDEF#G#ADEF#G#ABCDG#ABCDEF#BCDEF#G#ABEF#G#ABCDE
A melodic minor (ascending) โ€” raised 6th and 7th โ€” root notes in green.

Chords in a minor key

DegreeiiiยฐbIIIivvbVIbVII
Chord (A minor)AmBdimCDmEmFG

In practice, songs in minor keys borrow the harmonic minor's major V (E instead of Em in A minor) exactly when they want that stronger pull home.

Natural minor in every key

Key12b345b6b7
AABCDEFG
BbBbCDbEbFGbAb
BBC#DEF#GA
CCDEbFGAbBb
C#C#D#EF#G#AB
DDEFGABbC
EbEbFGbAbBbCbDb
EEF#GABCD
FFGAbBbCDbEb
F#F#G#ABC#DE
GGABbCDEbF
AbAbBbCbDbEbFbGb

Jam it over a real track

Minor keys are where most jams live. These free tracks are built on minor scales โ€” play them here or open JamLab:

Blacksteel cover art

Blacksteel

Metal ยท 150 BPM ยท Key of Dm ยท D Minor Pentatonic

Heavy drop-D metal โ€” palm-muted riffs and double-kick, aggressive and dark.

Jam this track with live chords โ†’

More scales & theory

All guitar scalesMinor pentatonicMajor pentatonicBlues scaleMajor scaleThe 7 modesCAGED systemFretboard notes